Synchronous gallbladder adenocarcinoma and gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Synchronous occurrence of different types of neoplasms is not very frequent, representing around 6% of all cases of cancer. Usually there is a lack of information on how to treat these patients, especially when both types of cancers are also uncommon. No cases of synchronous gallbladder adenocarcinoma and gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor have been published before. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present the case, management and follow-up, of a 66-year-old female with incidental diagnosis of a pT2NxMx gallbladder adenocarcinoma after elective cholecystectomy that latter, during staging, was also diagnosed with GIST. Total gastrectomy, wedge resection of the liver and lymphadenectomy were performed due to the new findings. Adjuvant chemotherapy for 36 months was indicated. After 16 months of the treatment she has no signs of recurrence. DISCUSSION: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) had a turnaround in the end of the 20th century after the introduction tyrosine-kinase inhibitor to the adjuvant treatment and now the trend is to extend it up to 36 months in selected patients. Gallbladder adenocarcinoma is an uncommon cancer but the incidental diagnosis is increasing with the popularity of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and, thus, specific management should be offered for these patients, what frequently includes a complementary surgery. Although, GISTs may be associated with another synchronous tumor in 20% of the cases, the simultaneous occurrence with gallbladder cancer is incredibly rare. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous occurrence of gastric GIST and gallbladder adenocarcinoma has not been reported before and, thus, any information about it may help in the management of those patients.

Palliative care need in patients with advanced heart failure hospitalized in a tertiary hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the need for palliative care in patients with advanced Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) hospitalized in a cardiology ward. METHOD: Application of the World Health Organization Palliative Needs tool (NECPAL) with the assistant physician, patient and/or caregiver for evaluation of indication of Palliative Care (PC). RESULTS: 82 patients with a diagnosis of class III/IV Heart Failure or ejection fraction less than or equal to 40% in echocardiography of the last 12 months were included: Mean age 68 ± 20 years, 51 male patients and 31 female patients. Forty-three patients (52.4%) were married or in consensual union and ten (12%) lived alone. The death of 46 patients (56.1%) in the subsequent 12 months would not surprise their physician, and forty-five patients (55%) had palliative care indication according to the NECPAL. CONCLUSION: About half of patients hospitalized for class III/IV Heart Failure would have an indication of Palliative Care for the relief of suffering caused by the disease.

Palliative care need in patients with advanced heart failure hospitalized in a tertiary hospital / Necesidad de cuidados paliativos en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca avanzada en estancia en un hospital terciario / Necessidade de cuidados paliativos em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca avançada internados em um hospital terciário

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the need for palliative care in patients with advanced Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) hospitalized in a cardiology ward. Method: Application of the World Health Organization Palliative Needs tool (NECPAL) with the assistant physician, patient and/or caregiver for evaluation of indication of Palliative Care (PC). Results: 82 patients with a diagnosis of class III/IV Heart Failure or ejection fraction less than or equal to 40% in echocardiography of the last 12 months were included: Mean age 68 ± 20 years, 51 male patients and 31 female patients. Forty-three patients (52.4%) were married or in consensual union and ten (12%) lived alone. The death of 46 patients (56.1%) in the subsequent 12 months would not surprise their physician, and forty-five patients (55%) had palliative care indication according to the NECPAL. Conclusion: About half of patients hospitalized for class III/IV Heart Failure would have an indication of Palliative Care for the relief of suffering caused by the disease.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la necesidad de Cuidados Paliativos en pacientes con Insuficiencia Cardiaca Avanzada en estancia en una enfermería cardiológica. Método: Estudio transversal con la aplicación de la Escala Necesidades Paliativas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud al médico asistente y al paciente y/o responsable, a fin de evaluar la indicación de Cuidados Paliativos en pacientes con diagnóstico de Insuficiencia Cardiaca clases III/IV o fracción de eyección menor o igual que el 40% en ecocardiografía de los últimos 12 meses. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 82 pacientes, con promedio de edad de 68 ± 20; cincuenta e un pacientes del sexo masculino y 31 del sexo femenino. Cuarenta y tres pacientes (52,4%) estaban casados o en pareja de hecho y 10 (12%) vivían solos. El fallecimiento de 46 pacientes (56,1%) en los 12 meses subsiguientes no sorprendería a su médico, y 45 pacientes (55%) tuvieron indicación de cuidados paliativos. Conclusión: Cerca de la mitad de los pacientes que fueron hospitalizados por Insuficiencia Cardiaca clase III-IV tendrían indicación de Cuidados Paliativos para el alivio del sufrimiento provocado por la enfermedad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a necessidade de Cuidados Paliativos em pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca Congestiva Avançada internados em uma enfermaria cardiológica. Método: Estudo transversal com a aplicação da Escala Necessidades Paliativas da Organização Mundial da Saúde ao médico-assistente e ao paciente e/ou responsável, para avaliar a indicação de Cuidados Paliativos em pacientes com diagnóstico de Insuficiência Cardíaca classes III/IV ou fração de ejeção menor ou igual a 40% em ecocardiografia dos últimos 12 meses. Resultados: Foram incluídos 82 pacientes. A média de idade de 68 ± 20. Cinquenta e um pacientes do sexo masculino e 31 do sexo feminino. Quarenta e três pacientes (52,4%) eram casados ou estavam em união consensual, e 10 (12%) moravam sozinhos. O óbito de 46 pacientes (56,1%) nos 12 meses subsequentes não surpreenderia o seu médico, e 45 pacientes (55%) tiveram indicação de cuidados paliativos. Conclusão: Cerca da metade dos pacientes que foram internados por Insuficiência Cardíaca classe III-IV teria indicação de Cuidados Paliativos para o alívio do sofrimento provocado pela doença.

Biomarkers and renal arterial resistive index in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis frequently causes glomerulonephritis and tubulointerstitial nephritis, nephropathies for which diagnosis has been limited by the low sensitivity of traditional tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum cystatin C and urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase (uGGT) levels and the urinary GGT/urinary creatinine ratio (uGGT/uCR) and to measure the renal arterial resistive index (RARI) in dogs with leishmaniasis with varying degrees of renal injury based on the urine protein: creatinine ratio (UP/C) and serum creatinine (SCr) level. We tested 59 untreated adult dogs of both sexes and undefined breeds naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. The dogs were grouped into four groups based on UP/C and SCr level: group 1 (n = 15), dogs with SCr levels < 1.4 mg/dL and UP/C < 0.5; group 2 (n = 13), dogs with SCr levels < 1.4 mg/dL and UP/C of 0.5-1.0; group 3 (n = 16), dogs with SCr levels < 1.4 and UP/C > 1.0; and group 4 (n = 15), dogs with SCr levels > 1.4. A fifth group of healthy dogs (n = 10) was the control. uGGT concentrations and uGGT/uCR were higher in dogs with proteinuria and SCr < 1.4 mg/dL, whereas the serum cystatin C concentrations and RARI were higher only in dogs with SCr levels > 1.4. In conclusion, uGGT and uGGT/uCR may be useful tools for early detection and assessment of renal lesions associated with leishmaniasis; however, cystatin C is useful for monitoring the progression of kidney disease when measured sequentially.